Men go on saving labour, till thousands are without work and thrown on the open streets to die of starvation”. He says “the spinning wheel itself is a machine a little toothpick is a machine, what I object to is the craze for labour saving machinery. The use of machines created a class of wealthy people and led to unequal distribution of wealth. It was also responsible for the multiplication of material wants. He believed that the modern technology was responsible for human frustration, violence and war. Gandhiji described machinery as ‘great sin’. Khadi arrested the forward march of prosperity. Further the wages paid to spinners were low. It required more frequent washing and its thickness used up more soap and therefore khadi wear was not economic but expensive. Some people criticised Khadi as a non-economic proposition because its roughness caused it to soil more quickly than the mill made cloth. However Gandhiji’s belief in charkha as a means to solve the problem of poverty was criticised as stupid, and childish. His slogan was “swaraj through spinning”. Charkha was considered to be the symbol of nonviolence. It is a source of steady income it does not depend upon monsoon it helps in solving the problem of unemployment. Charkha requires a small amount of capital it is simple in operation. Gandhiji advocated the use of charkha due to its advantages. To him, the music of the spinning wheel was sweeter and more profitable than harmonium. He believed that Khadi industry would save millions of people from starvation and would supplement the earnings of poor people. Khadi movement began only after Gandhiji’s return from South Africa. Khadi means the decentralisation of production and distribution of the necessaries of human life. For Gandhiji, khadi was the “symbol of unity of Indian humanity of its economic freedom and equality”. Gandhiji believed that multiplication of mills could not solve the problem of cloth supply therefore he stressed the development of Khadi industry. Khadi Industry :Įvery Indian needed at least 13 yards of cloth per year. They not only remove poverty and unemployment from the villages but also make them self-sufficient economic units. These industries increase the income of the villages and satisfy their basic requirements. In fact, these industries are best suited to the rhythm of rural life. All these factors make the production by the small units economical and thus, provide logic to the Gandhian scheme of decentralisation of village and cottage industries, Integration of cottage industries with agriculture provides work to the farmer in their spare time and thus harnesses “all the energies that at present run to waste”. There is no overproduction and wastes of competition. Commodities can be produced cheaply as there is no need for a separate establishment very few tools are needed. Cottage and village industries help increasing employment. He wanted to carry the production units to the homes of the masses, particularly in villages. Gandhi preferred the decentralisation of small units of production to the concentration of large scale units in few places. Gandhiji believed that decentralisation was essential for the survival of democracy and for the establishment of a non-violent state. As Gandhiji was for the development of cottage and rural industries, he suggested delocalization of industries. Production should be organised in a large number of places on a small scale. Gandhiji advocated a decentralised economy. India has plenty of human resources but capital supply was poor, therefore labour intensive technology should be followed. His belief was strong in the context of the Indian economy. In such an economy, exploitation of labour would be nil. He was in favour of decentralised economy. He believed that large scale use of machinery led to drudgery and monotony. Gandhi was not in favour of large scale industrialisation, as it was responsible for many socioeconomic evils. He believed that nature produced enough for the satisfaction of the people’s wants and there would be no pauperism and starvation if everybody took only that much that was sufficient to him.
Gandhiji opposed capitalism as it resulted in exploitation of human labour. The solution to Indian basic problems lies in the practice of non-violence.
#Economix libreria ghandi free#
He defined a non-violent occupation as one “which is fundamentally free from violence and which involves no exploitation or envy of others”.
He believed that violence in any form breeds greater violence. As there was no industry and no activity without certain violence, he wanted to minimize it.
The principle of non-violence is the principle of Gandhian philosophy. Gandhi advocated non-violence and hence his economics may be called economics of nonviolence.
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